Sierra Leone

Same-sex sexual activity is prohibited under the Offences Against the Person Act 1861, which criminalises acts of ‘buggery’. This provision carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment. Only men are criminalised under this law.

The law was inherited from the British during the colonial period, in which the English criminal law was imposed upon Sierra Leone. Although Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961, all provisions of the Offences Against the Person Act remain in force. As such, Sierra Leone continues to criminalise same-sex sexual activity today.

There is limited evidence of the law being enforced in recent years, with LGBT people being occasionally subject to arrest and arbitrary detention in recent years, though there appear to be no prosecutions, successful or otherwise, under the law. There have been consistent reports of discrimination and violence being committed against LGBT people in recent years, including assault, threats, harassment, blackmail, familial rejection, and the denial of basic rights and services.

2014

In September, Sierra Leone abstained from voting when the Human Rights Council passed a resolution condemning violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity.

2013

A review of the Constitution was initiated in 2013, and President Koroma reportedly spoke of his wishes to create a more “tolerant culture”. However, LGBT organisations later claimed that they were excluded from the review process.

2011

At the UN Human Rights Council in March, Sierra Leone supported an historic Joint Statement on Ending Acts of Violence and Related Human Rights Violations Based on Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity.

2020

The US Department of State report noted that the law is not actively enforced.

2017

Although the law is not actively enforced, police occasionally make arrests for ‘promoting’ LGBT rights; in March, police arrested four participants at a HIV/AIDS workshop for men who have sex with men. This followed a similar incident in May 2016 in which 18 people were arrested at an LGBT social event. In both cases, the arrested individuals were detained overnight before being released.

2014

A stakeholder report submitted to the Human Rights Committee noted that police “constantly subject members of the LGBTI community to threats, abuse, and detention.” The report cited an incident in which an uncle reported his young nephew to police after finding out he was gay, leading to him being arrested and detained in unhygienic conditions. In another reported incident, a gay man was arrested for allegedly being dressed ‘as a woman’ and was held in detention for a week without charge.

2020

The US Department of State report cited LGBT organisations who reported that the existence of the criminalising provision impedes the exercise of their rights and freedoms, but that police were increasingly treating LGBT people with understanding. Nevertheless, the community faced violence, stigma, discrimination, familial rejection, blackmail, and the denial of services.

2017

In June, authorities expelled two female secondary school students for kissing in public. 

2014

A stakeholder report submitted to the Human Rights Committee documented widespread official and societal discrimination, including in healthcare and education, and violent attacks, rape, and murder.

2013

An extensive study conducted in 2012-2013 by three LGBT organisations, Global Rights, Pride Equality, and Dignity Association, revealed the deeply rooted discrimination faced by the Sierra Leonean LGBT community in nearly every facet of life. The report details discrimination in healthcare, where harassment, unnecessary postponement of treatment, and outright denial of services occurred. Almost all of respondents to the survey (99%) had experienced at least one form of harassment and discrimination on account of their sexual orientation or gender identity. The research also demonstrates an overwhelming silence from the LGBT and human rights communities due to significant fear of exposure or association with the LGBT community.

In June, following the release of the above report, three staff members of Pride Equality were forced to flee Sierra Leone after attempts on their lives were made.

In July, an LGBT rights activist explained that he became an activist in 2011 after his nephew was beaten and lost an eye just because he was gay. He also wrote that during his activism in Sierra Leone “we were constantly abused, spat on, and sometimes assaulted”.

Also in July, the coordinator of an LGBT organisation, Gay for Life, and some of his colleagues were reportedly in hiding following persistent death threats from their neighbours.