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Breaking the Silence: Criminalisation of Lesbians and Bisexual Women and its Impacts

This report, the second edition to an original published in 2016, considers the history, extent and nature of laws criminalising consensual sexual intimacy between women, and the anti-LGBT criminal laws of all varieties that foster and perpetuate homophobia against lesbian and bisexual women as a particular group.

Long read

HJ (Iran) and HT (Cameroon) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, [2010] UKSC 31

HJ (Iran) and HT (Cameroon) v Secretary of State for the Home Department, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, [2010] UKSC 31

Judgment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom which ruled in favour of two gay men from Iran and Cameroon applying for asylum in the UK. The question for the Court was whether the men could be expected to conceal their sexual orientation in order to avoid the risk of persecution. The Supreme Court held that no one should be expected to conceal their sexual orientation in order to avoid persecution.

Naz Foundation v Government of NCT of Delhi, Delhi High Court, 160 (2009) DLT 277

Naz Foundation v Government of NCT of Delhi, Delhi High Court, 160 (2009) DLT 277

The 2009 judgment of the High Court of Delhi finding that Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalising same-sex activity is unconstitutional. The case was brought by the Naz Foundation, an NGO working with people living with HIV/AIDS. The Naz Foundation argued that Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which had effectively been interpreted as criminalising consensual sexual acts between persons of the same sex, was unconstitutional and the High Court of Delhi agreed emphasising the importance of the right to equality.

Toonen v Australia, CCPR/C/50/D/488 (1992)

Toonen v Australia, CCPR/C/50/D/488 (1992)

Landmark decision of the UN Human Rights Committee finding that criminalisation of sexual relations between consenting males is a violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Crucially, the Committee noted that the reference to ‘sex’ in Article 26 (equality before the law) and in Article 2(1) (non-discrimination) included sexual orientation.

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